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Aristotle Onassis
(1906 - 1975)
PART 2
June 4, 2003

Marriage & Callas

In 1946, Ari married Tina Livanos, younger daughter of Stavros Livanos, the patriarch of the Greek shipping world. Ari already had made his fortune in Argentina by importing tobacco, and by the time of his marriage he owned the largest tanker fleet afloat. Ari and Tina had two children: Christina and Alexsander.

According to the then business practice, Greek and Norwegian shipowners would purchase a ship by paying hard cash. Ari, however, came up with a brilliant idea of buying ships on the strength of the contract he had with oil companies to transport their products.

Since then, this practice has become standard in ship-buying, but Ari was among the first ones—if not made it for the first time. Through his sister’s marriage, Ari later became the brother-in-law of Stavros Niarchos, another Greek shipowner. Together the three men formed the most powerful shipping clan in the world.

In 1953, looking for a base of operations with a “gold mine”, Ari acquired a majority stake in SBM—the company that controlled the Monte Carlo casinos and hotels.

This deal placed Ari in the front row of the world stage, and the mass media dubbed him as “the man who bought the bank at Monte Carlo”. Wearing wrap-around black glasses and double-breasted blue suits, next to his pretty blonde wife, Ari became a favorite figure for the world’s press.

The publicity helped Ari draw ever bigger names to his famous cruise ship: Christina. The celebrities include Greta Garbo, John Wayne, Sir Winston Churchill and then the most prominent diva, his fellow Greek Maria Kalogeropoulos—well-known as Maria Callas.

In July 1959, Callas and her much-older husband, Battista Meneghini, boarded the Christina for the fateful cruise with Sir Winston and Lady Churchill and a few other celebrities. Somewhere between the Riviera and the Turkish coast it became obvious to Callas that Ari not only admired her but also suggested to help her manage her finances.

Once her voice gone, Callas would end up a pauper. This concern always worried her, and she seemed to find a financial stability in the prospective relashionship. By the end of the cruise both marriages went on the rocks as Meneghini suffered from a nervous breakdown and Tina admitted her love with Reinaldo Herrera.

Maria Callas and Aristotle Onassis (callas02.jpg--205x257) The world press followed the most prominent and gossip-providing couple as Ari and Maria plied the seven seas in a jet-set fashion. Some paparazzi made a career of chasing the couple and photographed them everywhere.

After his wedding to Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy in 1968, however, his luck suddenly changed. The Jackie Jinx went to work some evil magic on Ari. Within four years he lost his son and ex-wife, and seven years later he, too, was dead. Callas followed him in two years.

From the appearance of Maria Callas to his death, Ari’s life resembled the eventful life of Odysseus described in the Odyssey, which Ari loved to read. Circe and Calypso appeared in his life as if they had stepped into the shoes of Maria Callas and Jackie Kennedy respectively.

If you have read the Gemstone file and come to believe that Ari might have involved himself in some of those conspiracies, you naturally wonder what drove him to such an eventful life. To understand this driving force, you probably have to know the roots of his upbringing.

Ari’s Family Background

Aristotle’s father, Socrates, moved with his brothers to Smyrna in Anatolia (present-day Izmir in Turkey) from a small village inside the country. Although not the oldest of his brothers, Socrates was the most charismatic and effectively fulfilled the role as head of the family. They moved to Smyrna because when a team of engineers and typographers had visited the village of Moutalasski to build the new Berlin-Baghdad railway and spoke of the wonderful economic opportunities in Smyrna.

Socrates Onassis and his brothers became enchanted by the city’s atmosphere. They recognized the existence of the economic opportunities as they witnessed the carpets, tobacco, cotton, dried-fig, wood, raisins, and other goods that passed through the port.

After an apprenticeship with a Jewish merchant near Bohar Benadava, Socrates rented a small store at the port and opened an import-export business. He built up extremely good business and, in a year, moved to a building in the Han del Gran Visir in Smyrna’s business center. He also rented another store in a strategic location near the railway and the port in Daragaz.

Although his business activity eventually spanned diverse trades, Socrates remained essentially a dealer of tobacco. In the meantime, all his brothers—Alexander, Homer and Vasili—took part in their family affairs and their business reputations also expanded. In fact, Homer and Alexander began to take a keen interest in politics as their reputation flourished.

Soon thereafter, Socrates decided to get married, considering the social position he had already achieved, and to return to the village. He chose to marry Penelope Dologu, the daughter of a village notable. Not yet 17 years of age, the bride courageously and intelligently adapted herself to her duties and gave birth to two sons, Artemide and Aristotle.

At this time around 1900, racially-spurred political strife in Turkey went well under way. Religious intolerance turned out the core cause for the 27-year (1895 - 1922) attempt by Turkey to commit genocide upon Christians (mostly Armenians). During this period, 2 million Armenians lost their lives, often after prolonged and barbaric torture. As a result, this genocide almost eliminated Armenia from the map of the world.

The Armenians occupied a long-disputed territory that was fought over by Persia, Russua and Turkey. Armenia became the scene of turmoil and opression for centuries. The Turkish Ottoman Empire invaded Armenia in the 15th century and held all of it by the 16th century.

Although Armenians became successful merchants in Turkey, they always remained an oppressed minority because of their religion. In April 1909, hundreds of thousands of Armenians were butchered in the Massacre of Adana.

In the same year, during the nationalist hostility at the hands of the Turks, a personal tragedy struck Socrates’ family. Ari’s mother, Penelope, died of kidney failure, leaving a sad void in the family. Socrates ultimately remarried, bringing a very good stepmother to Penelope’s sons. But to Ari, no one would ever love him as his mother Penelope did. Surrounded by women including the stepmother, the grandmother Getsemani and the three sisters (two were born from the second marriage), Ari grew up in a world where religion was an important obligation.

Although Socrates and his family were not Armenians, they were devoted Christians. In fact, if it weren’t for the presence of his uncle Alexander, Ari would have set off towards an ecclesiastic career. However, his uncle inculcated in him the passion of life, that taste of struggle and the sense that challenge is highly respected in a Greek world. These passions dominated the rest of Ari’s life.

By 1913, the Turks organized mass deportations, and tens of thousands of Christians had to march across deserts without food and water. Along the way, the Turkish soldiers whipped, bludgeoned, bayoneted some of them. They even raped women in front of their husbands and children. The soldiers then murdered them and tossed them by the road side.

The Turks, however, did not slaughter all the Christians. They saved some for slave labor. Twelve thousand of them worked on the beds of various railroad lines around northeastern Turkey. Overseen by German officers (World War I was now in progress, and Turkey was German’s ally), these Christians were rationed a loaf of bread and some water a day.

Concentration camps of Christians living in tents sprang up on the countryside. The chronicle of horror seemed endless. Finally, in 1919, when British troops entered Armenia, an end to the massacres seemed to be in sight. Before the British troops landed, however, the Turks made a final genocidal sweep and massacred thousands of Armenians. The British forces did little to stop these raids, and the remaining Armenians began to lose hope.

In 1920, the French troops occupied Turkey. in that year alone, 15,000 Armenians lost their lives in Marash. By the middle of 1920, the Turks stood up against the French and massacred Armenians at will. Open warfare erupted. Turks burned Armenian homes and businesses as Armenians burned Turkish mosques. However, the Armenians were eventually overcome, and the Turkish government confiscated the houses and other possessions of Armenians.

After World War I, the Greek reoccupation of Smyrna was encouraged. However, on August 26, 1927, the troops of Kemal Pascia entered and conquered the region without meeting much Greek resistance. Only a few days before, Socrates had brought his son Ari (now, 21 years old) into the office and together they wisely burned the documents recognizing the political activity of Alexander.

However, his prudence did not keep him from being arrested and thrown into a concentration camp. The family was transported to another camp in the island of Lesbos and only Ari was saved from this travesty. After deceptively lying about his age and suggesting that he was only 16 years old, Ari convinced the military figures that he was too young to go to a camp. Ari somehow found the strength and the necessary inventiveness to organize an escape and successfully liberated his father from the concentration camp.

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the Gemstone File
(Introduction)

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Copyright Akira Kato
About this author:
  • Educated both in Canada and Japan
  • Traveled extensively in Europe, Far East, and North America
  • Worked as management consultant, computer systems analyst, college instructor and freelance writer.
Akira Kato

 

 

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